Infants with macrosomia and infants of diabetic mothers have increased carotid artery intima-media thickness in childhood

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Yapicioglu H., Seckin S. C., Yontem A., Yildizdas D.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS, vol.182, pp.203-211, 2023 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 182
  • Publication Date: 2023
  • Doi Number: 10.1007/s00431-022-04653-y
  • Journal Name: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, BIOSIS, CAB Abstracts, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE
  • Page Numbers: pp.203-211
  • Keywords: Atherosclerosis risk factors, Carotid artery intima-media thickness, Infants of diabetic mothers, Macrosomic infants, Breastfeeding, CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK, GLUCOSE-INTOLERANCE, BLOOD-PRESSURE, BIRTH-WEIGHT, CHILDREN, OBESITY, ASSOCIATION, ADOLESCENTS, OVERWEIGHT, WALL
  • Çukurova University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

Incidence of diabetes during pregnancy is increasing worldwide, and intrauterine hyperglycemia exposure may have long-term adverse effects on the cardiovascular health of children. We investigated prospectively the risk of atherosclerosis and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in infants born macrosomic and in infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) at the age of 8-9 years in 2021. A total of 49 infants of diabetic mothers (IDM group) and 13 macrosomic infants (macrosomic group) were included in the study. They were compared with 26 age-matched healthy children with birth weight appropriate for gestational age born to non-diabetic mothers (control group). Anthropometric measurements, atherosclerosis risk factors, and CIMT measurements were performed. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age, gender, actual anthropometric measurements, blood pressure measurements, laboratory parameters, or atherosclerosis risk factors. Gestational age was lower in the IDM group (p<0.001), while birth weight was higher in the macrosomic group (p<0.001). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was lower in the IDM group than the other groups. Duration of exclusive and total breastfeeding was lower in IDM group than in the control group (p<0.001 for both). Body mass index, skinfold thickness, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio were higher in those breastfed for less than 6 months in the IDM group. The CIMT values were statistically higher in IDM [0.43 +/- 0.047 (0.34-0.60)] and macrosomic [0.40 +/- 0.055 (0.33-0.50)] groups than control group [0.34 +/- 0.047 (0.26-0.45)].