Integrated Biological Evaluation of Benzimidazolium–Chalcone Derivatives: Antioxidant, Anti-AChE, Anticancer, and Anti-MRSA Activities With Docking Insights
Chemistry and Biodiversity, cilt.23, sa.10, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 23 Sayı: 10
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1002/cbdv.71828
- Dergi Adı: Chemistry and Biodiversity
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Natural Science Collection (ProQuest), Biomedical Reference Collection: Corporate Edition (EBSCO), Health Research Premium Collection (ProQuest), Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: antibiofilm, apoptosis, benzimidazolium salts, chalcone, MRSA
- Çukurova Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Four new benzimidazolium–chalcone salt derivatives were synthesized and successfully characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Their antioxidant activity, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory potential, antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against MRSA and MSSA strains, as well as their anticancer and apoptosis-inducing properties in human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cells, were comprehensively evaluated. Among the synthesized compounds, 3a exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 10.13 ± 0.30 µg/mL in the ABTS assay and 79.40 µg/mL in the DPPH assay, and demonstrated the highest AChE inhibitory effect. Molecular docking analysis further supported these findings, revealing a favorable binding affinity of compound 3a toward the 4EY7 target protein, with a docking score of −8.619 kcal/mol. Antibacterial evaluation using the agar well diffusion method showed that compound 3b produced the largest inhibition zone (19.2 ± 0.6 mm). Consistently, MIC analysis confirmed that 3b displayed potent antibacterial activity against MRSA (MIC: 1 µg/mL) and exhibited the most pronounced antibiofilm effect among the tested derivatives. In cytotoxicity assays, compound 3c demonstrated the highest anticancer activity against HT-29 cells, with an IC50 value of 16.7 ± 2.09 µM. Apoptosis analysis revealed that 3c predominantly induced early-stage apoptosis.