Optimized facile synthesis of boron-based luteolin conjugates as multifunctional therapeutic candidates: AChE inhibition, antioxidant with antibacterial activities, MRSA biofilm disruption supported by docking, and gene expression studies
Polyhedron, cilt.298, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 298
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.poly.2026.118345
- Dergi Adı: Polyhedron
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Anti-cancer, Anti-microbial properties, Boron compounds, Molecular docking, Spectral studies
- Çukurova Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Triangular planar and tetragonal boron-containing compounds play a vital role in various biological processes due to their distinct molecular structures and unique electronic properties. In this study, the synthesis and structural characterization of a series of triangular planar (LB1–4) and tetragonal (LBN1–4) boron-luteolin conjugate compounds were performed as potential therapeutic agents. Subsequently, AChE inhibition, antibacterial activity against carbapenem-resistant strains Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), and MRSA, evaluation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA biofilm disruption, docking, and gene expression studies of these boron compounds were carried out. Structural characterization of bioactive triangular planar/tetragonal boron-luteolin conjugate compounds was performed using NMR (1H, 13C, and 11B) spectra, 19F NMR for (LB1) and (LBN1), FT-IR spectra, UV–Vis spectra, Fluorescence spectra, LC-MS/MS spectrometry, elemental analysis, and melting point analysis techniques. Among the synthesized compounds, (LB4) exhibited notable antibacterial activity against carbapenem-resistant strains, with MIC values of 32, 256, and 32 μg/mL against A. baumannii, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae, respectively, while a markedly stronger activity was observed against MRSA (MIC = 4 μg/mL). The strongest antioxidant activity was recorded for (LB1), with an IC₅₀ value of 8.07 ± 0.354 μg/mL. Regarding AChE inhibitory activity, (LBN3) demonstrated the highest potency, exhibiting an IC₅₀ value of 46.189 ± 0.348 μg/mL. Furthermore, (LB4) effectively inhibited MRSA biofilm formation, achieving a biofilm inhibition rate of 54.9 ± 0.7% at 1 × MIC. Gene expression analysis revealed that (LB4) significantly downregulated the expression of mepA, sarA, icaA, and dtlB. In addition, molecular docking studies showed that (LB4) displayed favorable binding affinities toward the 2X3F protein target, with docking scores of −7.053 kcal/mol.