Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Expert Systems, cilt.43, sa.7, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
The need for electric buses (e-buses) has increased significantly due to the global shift towards sustainable urban mobility and low-carbon transportation systems. The integration of e-buses into public transportation has become an environmentally friendly urban development element due to their positive environmental impacts and potential to reduce private vehicle use. This study introduces a new locational planning model for fast-charging stations (FCS) that optimally integrates them into the existing power network infrastructure to support the transition to e-bus systems. It aims to minimize total operational, maintenance, installation and transportation costs to the charging station, as well as energy distribution line costs, while providing adequate charging services for e-bus fleets. In the model, the binary version of the Walrus Optimization Algorithm has been proposed and compared with three well-known metaheuristic algorithms: the Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm, the Grey Wolf Optimizer and the Whale Optimization Algorithm. A proposed model for charging stations has been evaluated using two real-world datasets containing public transportation and power network data from Adana. The results of the proposed model demonstrate a more realistic, grid-friendly deployment of fast-charging stations at reduced cost.