Determination of Energy Usage Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Lemon (Citrus limon L.) Production in Turkey: A Case Study from Mersin Province

Oguz H. I., Oguz I.

ERWERBS-OBSTBAU, vol.65, no.4, pp.861-869, 2023 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 65 Issue: 4
  • Publication Date: 2023
  • Doi Number: 10.1007/s10341-022-00702-w
  • Journal Name: ERWERBS-OBSTBAU
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Agricultural & Environmental Science Database, CAB Abstracts, Environment Index, Food Science & Technology Abstracts
  • Page Numbers: pp.861-869
  • Keywords: Energy usage, Lemon, Carbon emission, Renewable energy, Greenhouse emission ratio
  • Çukurova University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the energy usage efficiency (EUE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from lemon production. In this study findings, the energy inputs in lemon production were calculated as 14,616.35 MJ ha(-1) (44.31%) chemical fertilizer energy, 9126 MJ ha(-1) (25.87%) electricity energy, 3047.94 MJ ha(-1) (8.64%) irrigation water energy, 2043.49 MJ ha(-1) (5.79%) diesel fuel energy, 1912.68 MJ ha(-1) (5.42%) chemical energy, 1628.80 MJ ha(-1) (4.62%) human labour energy, 1069.20 MJ ha(-1) (3.03%) machinery energy, 786.88 MJ ha(-1) (2.23%) farmyard manure energy and 28.25 MJ ha(-1) (0.08%) organic fertilizer energy. Total input energy was calculated as 35,273.60 MJ ha(-1). Energy values of lemon yield were calculated as 79,053.47 MJ ha(-1). EUE, specific energy, energy productivity and net energy calculations were calculated as 2.24, 0.85 MJ kg(-1), 1.18 kg MJ(-1) and 43,779.87 MJ ha(-1), respectively. The total energy input for lemon production can be classified as 44.92% direct, 55.08% indirect, 15.57% renewable and 84.43% non-renewable. Total GHG emissions were calculated as 1524.04 kgCO(2-eq)ha(-1) for lemon production, with the greatest share for electricity usage (33.15%). The electricity usage was followed by chemical fertilizers usage (25.09%), irrigation water (17.89%), human labour usage (12.65%), chemical usage (5.72%), diesel fuel (2.18%), farmyard manure usage (1.65%) and machinery usage (1.65%), sulphur usage (0.04%) and organic fertilizer usage (0.01%). The GHG emissions ratio value was calculated as 0.11 kgCO(2eq)kg(-1) for lemon production.