ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SOIL SCIENCE, VOLS I-III, 3RD EDITION, pp.2090-2099, 2017 (SCI-Expanded)
Although soil provides food, fiber, and nutrients that are essential for humans, its value is rarely esteemed. Soils throughout human history were continuously mistreated, which led to the fall of civilizations. Agricultural and industrialization activities trigger erosion, salinity, and contamination, all of which cause a loss of soil quality to irrecoverable levels. Contemporary soil resource exhaustion has resulted in severe land degradation in many parts of the world; more than 25% of usable global land is degraded. Thus, combatting land degradation is humanity's major priority for global security.