Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects, vol.45, no.3, pp.7606-7628, 2023 (SCI-Expanded)
Weather is made up of multiple parameters, including solar radiation (SR),
atmospheric pressure (AP), soil temperature (ST), atmospheric temperature
(AT), wind speed (WS), relative humidity (RH), and sunshine duration (SD).
These factors are also crucial for the renewable energy sector, solar simulation,
agriculture, air pollution, water supply and distribution, avalanche
warning, forestry, and town and regional planning. A deep learning method
based on a neural network with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) was
employed in this investigation for one-hour-ahead weather data forecasting.
The ability of the LSTM model was compared with the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy
Inference System (ANFIS) with that of the fuzzy c-means (FCM),
Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model, and the
Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) model. Mean absolute error (MAE),
correlation coefficient (R), root means square error (RMSE), average bias,
Nash – Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE), and mean absolute percentage
error (MAPE) were selected as evaluation criteria. Results indicated that the
proposed LSTM model presented good enough results compared to other
used methods. 7 different types of meteorological data from a total of 4 years
(35040 hours) were divided into 25% test data and 75% training data for the
models. The best result was obtained for the hourly ST estimation of Adana
province using the LSTM method, the MAE, RMSE, R, bias, NSE, and MAPE
values were computed as 0.016°C, 0.078°C, 0.9999, −0.00018°C, 0.0805%, and
0.9999, respectively. On the other hand, the worst result was obtained for the
hourly SD for Mardin province when ARIMA was used, and the statistical
measures were derived as 0.128 hours for MAE, 0.215 hours for RMSE, 0.8851
for R, 0.00091 hours for bias, and 0.7657 for NSE. In this regard, it is demonstrated
that the LSTM technique outperformed the other models in terms of
all-weather data estimates and delivered highly sensitive outcomes.