Morphological and Morphometric Analysis of the Nasopalatine Canal Using CBCT: Influence of Age, Sex, and Dental Status

Objective:
The nasopalatine canal (NPC) is a crucial anatomical structure located in the anterior maxilla, exhibiting morphological and dimensional variations. These variations may influence dental implant placement and surgical planning. This study aims to evaluate the morphology and dimensions of the NPC using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to analyze its relationship with gender, age, and the presence of anterior teeth.
Methods:
A total of 1023 patients’ CBCT scans were retrospectively analyzed. NPC morphology was categorized into three types: single canal, parallel canals, and Y-shaped canal. The width and length of the NPC were measured. Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analyses. The relationship between age and NPC dimensions was evaluated using Spearman’s correlation coefficient.
Results:
NPC morphology showed a statistically significant difference according to gender (p = 0.047). The Y-shaped canal was more prevalent in males, while the single canal type was more frequently observed in females. NPC length was significantly greater in males (p < 0.001) and in patients with anterior teeth (p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was found between NPC width and the presence of anterior teeth (p > 0.05).
Conclusion:
This study highlights the anatomical variations and clinical significance of the NPC. Preoperative CBCT evaluation is essential for safer and more precise surgical procedures. Gender and dental status should be taken into consideration during implant planning in the anterior maxilla.