Comparison of EDTA- and glycolic acid-based irrigation regimens with or without chitosan for calcium hydroxide removal from artificial internal resorption cavities: an in vitro study
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, sa.9, ss.1-13, 2026 (SCI-Expanded)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1038/s41598-026-71804-8
- Dergi Adı: SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.1-13
- Çukurova Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Complete removal of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] prior to obturation is critical for optimal sealer penetra-
tion and long-term success of root canal treatment; however, its elimination from complex anatomical regions
such as internal resorption cavities remains challenging. This study evaluated the effectiveness of ethylene-
diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-and glycolic acid (GA)-based irrigation regimens with or without chitosan
in removing Ca(OH)2 from artificial internal resorption cavities. Sixty extracted human mandibular premo-
lars were prepared, standardized artificial internal resorption cavities were created, and the specimens were
filled with Ca(OH)2. The teeth were randomly allocated to four experimental groups (n
=
15) according to
the irrigation protocol: EDTA, EDTA
+
chitosan, GA, and GA
+
chitosan. Residual Ca(OH)2 was evaluated
using stereomicroscopic scoring and quantitative ImageJ analysis. For stereomicroscopic assessment, the tooth
was considered the experimental unit, and the scores obtained from the two root halves of each tooth were
combined to generate a tooth-level score. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by the
Dunn–Bonferroni post hoc test (p
<
0.05). Significant differences were observed among the experimental groups
(p
<
0.001). The EDTA group exhibited the highest combined stereomicroscopic scores, whereas the GA
+
chito-
san group showed the lowest scores. No statistically significant differences were observed between the EDTA
and EDTA
+
chitosan groups or between the GA and GA
+
chitosan groups in the stereomicroscopic analysis.
In contrast, both GA-based protocols demonstrated significantly lower residual Ca(OH)2 than the EDTA-based
protocols. Quantitative ImageJ analysis corroborated this pattern, with the GA
+
chitosan regimen showing the
lowest percentage of residual Ca(OH)2 surface coverage. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, GA-
based irrigation regimens resulted in less residual Ca(OH)2 than EDTA-based regimens, although the specific
contribution of chitosan could not be established.