Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Neonicotinoids in the Environment: Emerging Concerns for the Human Health and Biodiversity, Dr. Rishikesh Singh, Editör, Springer, London/Berlin , London, ss.1-27, 2024
Neonicotinoids are systemic insecticides that are commonly
applied in agriculture fields in over 120 countries
throughout the world. The extensive use of neonicotinoids
in agriculture and veterinary medicine causes soil
contamination, and their residues are further transferred to
the aquatic environment. According to recent monitoring
studies undertaken in several countries, these pesticides,
with residual levels in the low ng/L–lg/L range,
contaminate streams, rivers, and lakes worldwide. Furthermore,
neonicotinoids pose a significant environmental
risk for non-target terrestrial species such as mammals,
birds, reptiles, semiaquatic species such as amphibians,
and aquatic organisms such as fish, crabs, shrimps, and
oysters. Non-target animal species are affected directly
(through acute or chronic toxicity) or indirectly (via the
food chain) by neonicotinoids. This chapter describes the
toxicity of neonicotinoids to non-target species, including
fishes, amphibians, and reptiles. It also covers their
biochemical, physiological, and behavioural responses to
neonicotinoids. The data presented here show that both
short-term and long-term exposure to neonicotinoids
resulted in significant toxic effects, including neurotoxicity,
genotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, carcinogenesis,
endocrine disruption, and reproductive
toxicity. This led to mortality, malformation, behavioural
changes, and reproductive failure in animal species at
various life stages in non-target animals. The findings
indicate that neonicotinoids may have direct and indirect
effects on wildlife, including aquatic vertebrates like fish,
semiaquatic vertebrates like amphibians, and terrestrial
vertebrates like reptiles. As a result, there is a need for
further research and regulation to mitigate the potential
harm caused by neonicotinoids to non-target animals and
ecosystems.