Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
2nd International Conference on Research of Agriculture and Food Technologies 2022 October 06 & 07 - Adana, Turkey, Adana, Türkiye, 6 Ekim - 07 Kasım 2022, cilt.1, ss.7
Known as the
Neem tree on Earth, Azadirachta Indica is an evergreen plant species. The homeland
of the tree, which has four
different species, is India, Burma, Pakistan, South Asia and Australia. Melia
Azaderach, which is another species in our country, grows naturally in tropical
climate regions, the main used parts of the rosary tree are the fruits and
leaves, which turn light yellow when ripe. The fruits reach morphological
maturity in September-October. Neem (rosary tree) oil is available in the market as products obtained from these fruits, and its powder is obtained from both fruits and leaves
and used in organic agriculture, medicine and cosmetic products. Depending on
the extraction method, neem oil contains 300 ppm to 2500 ppm of azaderachtin
active substance. Azaderachtin, which is a tetratriterponoid used against
insects, is used as a biopesticide in organic agriculture due to its repellent,
feeding inhibitory, fertility reducing, sterilizing, egg laying, development and growth inhibitory effects in insects. Natural insecticides of plant
origin constitute 1% of the world insecticide market, and annual sales increase
by 10-15% every year due to the increase in organic farming. Neem oil is
imported to our country from India and other countries. On average, 1 liter of
neem oil is sold for 900 TL.
In this study, it is planned to bring
the variants of the Indica species, which are used in the production of neem
oil and are not found in our country, to be reproduced by tissue culture and to
use the neem oil extracted from the seeds of these variants in the production
of an Azadirachtin A isomer-based pesticide. The study is carried out within
the scope of the project numbered TAGEM-21/AR-GE/11.
Keywords: Azadirachta Indica, Neem, Oil, Bio-Pest.