The effect of RISA on push out bond strength of an epoxy resin sealer and a bioceramic sealer: an in vitro study

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Mıdoğlu G., Karakoyunlu E., Gürler K., Yılmaz K.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, cilt.1, ss.1-10, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 1
  • Basım Tarihi: 2026
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1038/s41598-026-65771-3
  • Dergi Adı: SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Natural Science Collection (ProQuest), Biological Science Database (ProQuest), Biomedical Reference Collection: Corporate Edition (EBSCO), Health Research Premium Collection (ProQuest), Scopus, Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), BIOSIS, Chemical Abstracts Core, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Directory of Open Access Journals, Zoological Record
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.1-10
  • Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu
  • Çukurova Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Reduced Ionic Strength Agent (RISA), used as a final

irrigant, on the push-out bond strength of resin-based and bioceramic root canal sealers

compared with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Sixty extracted single-rooted

mandibular premolars were prepared using Reciproc R40 instruments and randomly assigned

to four groups according to the final irrigation protocol and sealer type: EDTA–resin, EDTA–

bioceramic, RISA–resin, and RISA–bioceramic. After obturation using the single-cone

technique, one 1-mm-thick slice was obtained from the middle third of each root. Push-out bond

strength was measured using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using two-way

analysis of variance and Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc tests. Failure modes were assessed under

a stereomicroscope and compared using the chi-square test. The RISA–bioceramic group

exhibited the highest mean push-out bond strength, whereas the EDTA–resin group showed the

lowest mean value. Two-way ANOVA revealed significant main effects of both final irrigant

and sealer type on push-out bond strength (p < 0.001). Overall, RISA resulted in higher bond

strength values than EDTA, and the tested bioceramic sealer exhibited higher bond strength

than the tested epoxy resin-based sealer. No significant interaction was observed between

irrigation protocol and sealer type. Failure mode distributions were predominantly mixed and

did not differ significantly among the groups. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, RISA

resulted in higher overall push-out bond strength than EDTA. Although these findings suggest

that RISA may have the potential to enhance sealer adhesion, further studies incorporating

aging protocols and clinically relevant experimental conditions are needed to determine the

long-term durability and clinical relevance of the observed bond-strength advantage.

Keywords: push-out bond strength; RISA; root canal sealer; final irrigation