CRISPR/Cas9 application in cancer therapy: a pioneering genome editing tool

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Baghini S. S., Gardanova Z. R., Abadi S. A. H., Zaman B. A., Ilhan A., Shomali N., ...More

CELLULAR & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LETTERS, vol.27, no.1, 2022 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Review
  • Volume: 27 Issue: 1
  • Publication Date: 2022
  • Doi Number: 10.1186/s11658-022-00336-6
  • Journal Name: CELLULAR & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LETTERS
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, CAB Abstracts, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Veterinary Science Database, Directory of Open Access Journals
  • Keywords: Genome editing, Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9), Cancer treatment, CELL LUNG-CANCER, CAR T-CELLS, NF-KAPPA-B, CERVICAL-CANCER, BREAST-CANCER, COLORECTAL-CANCER, IN-VITRO, BETA-THALASSEMIA, TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS, SYNTHETIC LETHALITY
  • Çukurova University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

The progress of genetic engineering in the 1970s brought about a paradigm shift in genome editing technology. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system is a flexible means to target and modify particular DNA sequences in the genome. Several applications of CRISPR/Cas9 are presently being studied in cancer biology and oncology to provide vigorous site-specific gene editing to enhance its biological and clinical uses. CRISPR's flexibility and ease of use have enabled the prompt achievement of almost any preferred alteration with greater efficiency and lower cost than preceding modalities. Also, CRISPR/Cas9 technology has recently been applied to improve the safety and efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies and defeat tumor cell resistance to conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The current review summarizes the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in cancer therapy. We also discuss the present obstacles and contemplate future possibilities in this context.